Ku munsi w'ejo, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi watangaje ko inyandiko y’umushinga w’itegeko rigenga imipaka ya Carbone (CBAM, ibiciro bya karubone) izashyirwa ahagaragara ku mugaragaro mu kinyamakuru cy’Uburayi.CBAM izatangira gukurikizwa bukeye bwaho hasohotse Ikinyamakuru cyemewe cy’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ni ukuvuga ku ya 17 Gicurasi!Ibi bivuze ko uno munsi, ibiciro bya karubone byu Burayi byanyuze mubikorwa byose kandi byatangiye gukurikizwa kumugaragaro!
Umusoro wa karubone ni iki?Reka nguhe intangiriro ngufi!
CBAM ni kimwe mu bice by'ibanze bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi “Bikwiranye na 55 ″ yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.Uyu mugambi ugamije kugabanya ibihugu byinjira mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku kigero cya 55% kuva ku rwego rwa 1990 kugeza mu 2030. Kugira ngo iyi ntego igerweho, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wafashe ingamba zitandukanye, harimo kwagura umubare w’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, kwagura isoko ry’ibihugu by’Uburayi, guhagarika kugurisha ibinyabiziga bya lisansi, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza imipaka ya karubone, fagitire 12 zose.
Niba ari incamake gusa mundimi zizwi, bivuze ko Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wishyuza ibicuruzwa byangiza imyuka myinshi ya karuboni yatumijwe mu bihugu bya gatatu ukurikije imyuka ya karuboni y’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga.
Intego itaziguye y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi gushyiraho ibiciro bya karubone ni ugukemura ikibazo cy '“imyuka ya karubone”.Iki nikibazo cyugarije ingufu z’ibihugu by’Uburayi.Bisobanura ko kubera amabwiriza akomeye y’ibidukikije, amasosiyete y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yimukiye mu turere dufite ibiciro by’umusaruro muke, bigatuma nta kugabanuka kwa gaze karuboni ku isi yose.Umusoro w’umupaka wa karuboni w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ugamije kurinda ibicuruzwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi bigenzurwa cyane n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kongera ibiciro by’amahoro ku bicuruzwa bituruka ku bicuruzwa bifite intege nke nk’intego zo kugabanya ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere n’ingamba zo kugenzura, no gukumira ibigo biri mu bihugu by’Uburayi kwimukira mu bihugu bifite ibiciro byoherezwa mu kirere, kugirango birinde "imyuka ya karubone".
Muri icyo gihe, kugira ngo dufatanye n’uburyo bwa CBAM, ivugurura ry’imikorere y’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU-ETS) naryo rizatangirwa icyarimwe.Nk’uko umushinga w’ivugurura ubiteganya, amafaranga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi azakurwaho burundu mu 2032, kandi kuvanaho amafaranga y’ubuntu bizarushaho kongera amafaranga y’ibyuka byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Dukurikije amakuru aboneka, CBAM izabanza gukoresha sima, ibyuma, aluminium, ifumbire, amashanyarazi, na hydrogen.Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro ibyo bicuruzwa kirimo karubone kandi ibyago byo kumeneka kwa karubone ni byinshi, kandi bizagenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro no mu zindi nganda mugihe cyanyuma.CBAM izatangira ibikorwa byo kugerageza ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2023, igihe cy’inzibacyuho kugeza mu mpera za 2025. Umusoro uzatangizwa ku mugaragaro ku ya 1 Mutarama 2026. Abatumiza mu mahanga bazakenera gutangaza umubare w’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi mu mwaka ushize. na gaze yihishe ya parike buri mwaka, hanyuma bazagura umubare uhwanye nicyemezo cya CBAM.Igiciro cyimpamyabumenyi kizabarwa hashingiwe ku kigereranyo cya buri cyumweru cyamunara y’amafaranga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, agaragazwa n’ibyuka bya EUR / t CO2.Mugihe cya 2026-2034, icyiciro cyo gukuraho ibipimo byubusa muri EU ETS bizabera hamwe na CBAM.
Muri rusange, ibiciro bya karubone bigabanya cyane guhangana guhangana n’ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kandi ni ubwoko bushya bw’inzitizi z’ubucuruzi, bizagira ingaruka nyinshi ku gihugu cyanjye.
Mbere na mbere, igihugu cyanjye n’umufatanyabikorwa w’ubucuruzi w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’isoko rinini ry’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ndetse n’isoko rinini ry’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu mahanga.80% byangiza imyuka ya karubone y’ibicuruzwa byo hagati y’igihugu cyanjye byoherezwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi biva mu byuma, imiti, n’amabuye y'agaciro atari ubutare, ibyo bikaba biri mu nzego zangiza cyane ku isoko rya karubone.Nibimara gushyirwa mumabwiriza yumupaka wa karubone, bizagira ingaruka nini kubyoherezwa hanze;Ibikorwa byinshi byubushakashatsi byakozwe ku ngaruka zabyo.Kubijyanye namakuru atandukanye hamwe nibitekerezo (nkurugero rwohereza ibicuruzwa biva hanze, ubukana bwa karuboni, nigiciro cya karubone kubicuruzwa bifitanye isano), imyanzuro izaba itandukanye cyane.Muri rusange abantu bemeza ko 5-7% by’Ubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu Burayi byose bizagira ingaruka, naho umurenge wa CBAM wohereza mu Burayi uzagabanukaho 11-13%;igiciro cyo kohereza mu Burayi kiziyongera hafi miliyoni 100-300 z'amadolari ya Amerika ku mwaka, bingana na CBAM ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu Burayi 1.6-4.8%.
Ariko nanone, dukeneye kandi kubona ingaruka nziza za politiki y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku nganda zoherezwa mu mahanga no kubaka isoko rya karubone.Dufashe nk'urugero rw'icyuma n'ibyuma, hari icyuho cya toni 1 hagati yigihugu cyanjye cyohereza imyuka ya karuboni kuri toni yicyuma na EU.Kugira ngo icyuho cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, uruganda rw’ibyuma n’ibyuma bigomba kugura ibyemezo bya CBAM.Dukurikije ibigereranyo, uburyo bwa CBAM buzagira ingaruka zingana na miliyari 16 z'amafaranga y’igihugu mu bucuruzi bw’ibyuma by’igihugu cyanjye, kongera imisoro hafi miliyari 2.6, kongera ibiciro hafi 650 kuri toni y’icyuma, n’umusoro uva kuri 11% .Nta gushidikanya ko ibyo bizongera umuvuduko wo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu nganda z’icyuma n’ibyuma kandi bikazamura iterambere ryabo mu iterambere rya karuboni nkeya.
Ku rundi ruhande, igihugu cyanjye cyubaka isoko rya karubone kiracyari mu ntangiriro, kandi turacyashakisha uburyo bwo kwerekana ibiciro by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere binyuze ku isoko rya karubone.Urwego rwibiciro bya karubone ntirushobora kwerekana neza urwego rwibiciro byinganda zimbere mu gihugu, kandi haracyari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bitari ibiciro.Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gushyiraho politiki y "ibiciro bya karubone", igihugu cyanjye gikwiye gushimangira itumanaho n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kandi kigatekereza ku buryo bugaragara ibi bintu by’ibiciro.Ibi bizemeza ko inganda zigihugu cyanjye zishobora guhangana neza n’ibibazo biri imbere y’amahoro ya karuboni, kandi icyarimwe bigateza imbere iterambere rihamye ry’imyubakire y’isoko rya karubone mu gihugu cyanjye.
Kubwibyo, kubwigihugu cyacu, aya ni amahirwe kandi ni ikibazo.Ibigo byo mu gihugu bigomba guhangana n’ingaruka, kandi inganda gakondo zigomba gushingira ku “kuzamura ireme no kugabanya karubone” kugira ngo zikureho ingaruka.Muri icyo gihe, uruganda rw’ikoranabuhanga rufite isuku mu gihugu rwanjye rushobora gutangiza “amahirwe y’icyatsi”.Biteganijwe ko CBAM ishimangira kohereza mu mahanga inganda nshya z’ingufu nka Photovoltaque mu Bushinwa, hitawe ku bintu nko kuba Uburayi bwateje imbere inganda z’inganda z’inganda nshya, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma icyifuzo cy’amasosiyete y’Abashinwa gishora imari mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu zisukuye muri Uburayi.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2023